What is a 'Constitutional Bench'?

• A. A bench of the Supreme Court consisting of at least five judges
• B. A special bench for civil cases
• C. A bench designated for criminal appeals
• D. A bench that only hears cases involving international law

Answer: (A)

A 'Constitutional Bench' refers to a specific type of bench in the Supreme Court of India that is constituted to interpret and adjudicate constitutional matters. This bench typically consists of at least five judges. The rationale behind having a larger bench is to ensure that significant constitutional questions, which may have a far-reaching impact on the interpretation of the Constitution and its provisions, are deliberated upon by multiple judges.

These benches are often involved in cases where constitutional interpretation is contested or where there is a need to resolve differences in opinions among smaller benches regarding constitutional law. This arrangement helps maintain legal consistency and stability in the judicial interpretation of the Constitution.

The other options suggest specialized benches for civil, criminal, or international law cases, which do not align with the specific definition and role of a Constitutional Bench. Such specialized benches may exist within the Supreme Court, but they do not carry the same constitutional mandate as a Constitutional Bench.