What is meant by 'separation of powers'?

• A. The concentration of powers in one branch of government
• B. The distribution of responsibilities and powers among the three branches of government
• C. The authority of the judiciary to override legislative decisions
• D. The ability of the executive to dismiss the legislature

Answer: (B)

'Separation of powers' refers to the distribution of responsibilities and powers among the three branches of government: the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. This principle ensures that no single branch has complete control over the functions of government, thereby preventing the abuse of power. Each branch operates independently and has its own specific functions, responsibilities, and powers, which creates a system of checks and balances.

The legislature is responsible for making laws, the executive implements and enforces those laws, and the judiciary interprets the laws. By distributing powers in this way, the system promotes accountability and encourages collaboration while safeguarding individual rights and freedoms against potential tyranny.

This concept is fundamental to democratic governance and is prominent in many constitutions around the world, including that of India. It serves to uphold the rule of law and the principle of governance by consent, reinforcing the idea that the power of the state should derive from the people, with checks in place to ensure fair and just administration.