What term describes the Supreme Court's power to declare laws unconstitutional?

• A. Judicial Review
• B. Legislative Oversight
• C. Constitutional Amendment
• D. Executive Order

Answer: (A)

The term that describes the Supreme Court's power to declare laws unconstitutional is "Judicial Review." This principle is a cornerstone of the judicial system and is rooted in the concept of checks and balances within a government. Judicial review allows the judiciary to evaluate the constitutionality of legislative acts and executive actions, ensuring that they do not violate the constitution.

This power was established in the landmark case of Marbury v. Madison in 1803, where Chief Justice John Marshall articulated the role of the Supreme Court in interpreting the law and nullifying any government actions that conflict with the Constitution. Judicial review serves as a safeguard against the misuse of power by the legislative and executive branches, maintaining the rule of law and protecting individual rights.

The other terms mentioned serve different purposes within the governmental framework. Legislative oversight involves the legislative body's monitoring of the executive branch's actions and ensuring laws are implemented properly. A constitutional amendment refers to the formal process of altering the Constitution itself. An executive order is a directive issued by the president that manages the operations of the federal government. These concepts do not entail the power to declare laws unconstitutional as judicial review does.