Which amendment act is commonly referred to as the 'Mini Constitution'?

• A. 61st Amendment
• B. 42nd Amendment
• C. 73rd Amendment
• D. 86th Amendment

Answer: (B)

The 42nd Amendment is often referred to as the 'Mini Constitution' due to the extensive and significant changes it made to the original Constitution of India. Enacted in 1976 during the Emergency period, this amendment altered more than 50 articles of the Constitution, thereby impacting the structure, power dynamics, and functions of various governmental bodies.

Among its key features, the 42nd Amendment added fundamental duties to the Constitution, established the supremacy of the Constitution itself, and reinforced the Directive Principles of State Policy. Additionally, it aimed to curtail the power of the judiciary to review constitutional amendments. This comprehensive revision has led to its nickname, as it serves as a concise encapsulation of critical amendments that guide governance in India.

The other amendment acts listed do not carry the same significance or breadth of changes. While each played important roles within their respective contexts, none have redefined or amended the Constitution to the same extent as the 42nd Amendment. This is why it stands out as the 'Mini Constitution.'