Which Constitutional Amendment is commonly referred to as the "Mini Constitution"?

• A. The 42nd Amendment
• B. The 44th Amendment
• C. The 38th Amendment
• D. The 46th Amendment

Answer: (A)

The "Mini Constitution" refers to the 42nd Amendment, enacted in 1976 during the Emergency period in India. This amendment is notable because it brought about substantial changes to the Constitution, including alterations to the Preamble, which emphasized the goals of socialism, secularism, and the integrity of the nation.

Additionally, it made various modifications to the fundamental rights and duties of citizens, as well as the powers of the judiciary and the distribution of powers between the central and state governments. The 42nd Amendment also enhanced the role of the Parliament by curtailing the power of judicial review, making it distinctive in that it aimed to strengthen the position of the executive and legislature at the expense of the judiciary.

Due to its significant and wide-ranging impact on various aspects of the Constitution, along with the extensive amendments it incorporated, it is commonly referred to as the "Mini Constitution." This designation reflects the extent of the changes made, comparable to a full-scale constitutional overhaul within the framework of the existing Constitution.