Which two types of fundamental rights are enshrined in the Indian Constitution?

• A. Economic and social rights
• B. Justiciable rights and non-justiciable rights
• C. Implicit and explicit rights
• D. Civil and political rights

Answer: (B)

The Indian Constitution recognizes a classification of fundamental rights primarily into justiciable and non-justiciable rights. Justiciable rights can be enforced in a court of law, meaning individuals can approach the judiciary for legal remedy if these rights are violated. Fundamental rights such as the right to equality, right to freedom, right against exploitation, right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, and the right to constitutional remedies are categorized as justiciable, as they provide individuals the authority to seek justice through the legal system.

On the other hand, non-justiciable rights are typically understood to be rights that the state should promote but are not subject to legal enforcement. For example, the Directive Principles of State Policy, which guide the state's policy-making, are considered non-justiciable rights. They are essential for governance and aim to establish social and economic democracy.

This classification helps in understanding the framework of rights within the Indian legal system and the degree to which individuals can seek enforcement of their rights. The mention of economic, social, implicit, explicit, and civil and political rights does not capture this critical distinction outlined in the Constitution effectively.